Beam pumping unit, commonly known as a kowtow unit, refers to a pumping unit with a beam, which is reversed by a connecting rod mechanism and balanced by a crank weight. As a special industry, the oil field has its unique background. At present, the pumping unit is one of the most widely used oil mining machinery. The oil field's main power consumption equipment, which accounts for 40% of the total power consumption of the oil field, has a low efficiency, generally around 30%.

The beam pumping unit is mainly composed of four parts: donkey head - beam - connecting rod - crank mechanism, reduction box, power equipment and auxiliary equipment. During operation, the transmission of the motor is changed into the up and down movement of the donkey head through the gearbox and the crank connecting rod mechanism. The donkey head drives the plunger of the downhole oil pump to move up and down through the polished rod and the sucker rod, thus continuously pumping the crude oil from the well out of the wellbore.

Reasons for beam pumping unit transformation

The load of beam pumping unit is characterized by time-varying load, which bears periodic changes, and has dynamic and static load characteristics. The initial starting state requires that the starting torque of the driving motor is more than 3~4 times of the actual load of the pumping unit, and the starting torque is the first element of selecting the motor for the pumping unit. Therefore, the load power of the system designed according to the starting torque must not match well. The actual operating load power is far less than the rated power of the motor, and there is the phenomenon of "big horse pulling small car". The excess pumping capacity increases the reactive pumping time of the pumping unit, resulting in high electricity costs and serious energy waste.